Freight density calculator
Density is the number LTL pricing turns on: a handling unit's weight divided by its cubic feet. Enter the unit's greatest length, width and height and its weight, and this page returns the density and the class it points to on the NMFC scale. The freight class calculator runs the same engine with the class as the headline figure.
Your handling unit
Measure each handling unit (one pallet, one crate) at its greatest length, width and height, pallet and projections included. Density is figured per unit.
Bill of lading — copy these figures
The NMFC item for the commodity governs the billed class. Itemize mixed freight on the bill of lading; un-itemized mixed pallets are rated at the highest class present (NMFC Rule 640).
Dispute evidence checklist
If the carrier's bill differs from this estimate, gather this evidence before you dispute:
- Photo of the packed box or pallet with a tape measure across each side
- Photo of the package on a scale showing the weight
- The label or bill of lading copy with the dimensions and weight you entered
- The carrier's adjustment notice with the recorded dimensions
- A screenshot or printout of this result, with the date
- Photos of all six sides if the carrier claims damage or a nonrectangular shape
- Your scale and tape calibration notes, if you have them
How we got there
Questions
How do I calculate freight density?
Multiply the handling unit's length, width and height in inches, divide by 1,728 to get cubic feet, then divide the unit's weight in pounds by the cubic feet. Measure at the greatest points, pallet and projections included.
What is a good density for LTL freight?
Higher density takes a lower class and usually a lower rate per pound. Freight under 6 lb/ft³ lands in class 175 or higher, where rates climb steeply. At 6 lb/ft³ the class is 125; at 12 it is 85; at 30 it is 60.
Do I figure density per pallet or for the whole shipment?
Per handling unit, unless the shipping papers show only a total weight. NMFC Item 110 sets that rule. Two pallets of different densities keep their own densities; they are not averaged.
Sources
- NMFC Item 110 (density per handling unit)
- NMFTA Disposition Bulletin 1371 (13-tier density scale)
Rules last checked November 12, 2026 · How we check every figure